1. ENERGY MARKETS AND FINANCIAL CONTRACTS
Energy Markets
- The structure of energy markets: oil, gas and power
- Benefits and costs from energy trading
- The use of energy derivatives for managing market exposure
Basic Energy Derivatives
- Basic Energy Derivatives
- The difference between Futures and Forwards contracts
- Examples: NYMEX and IPE Futures
- How to build tailor-made risk profiles
- Examples: NYMEX and IPE Futures
Cash Flow Hedging using Energy Derivatives
- Hedging price spreads: Spread options (Spark spread, Crack Spread)
- Hedging volume risk: weather derivatives
- Hedging average prices: Asian-style options
- Interruptible clauses and swing contracts
2. ECONOMETRIC MODELLING OF ENERGY PRICES
Spot price modelling and estimation
- Equilibrium spot models
- Synthetic Models
- Step 2: Combining mean reversion and jumps
- Step 3: Adding a load forecast and correlation
Forward price modelling and estimation
- Building the forward curve: price stripping and quotes interpolation
- Framework 1: spot - convenience yield models (Gibson-Schwartz)
- Framework 2: forward curve models (Jamshidian)
- Pricing commodity derivatives
- Framework 3: long-short term price models (Schwartz-Smith)
PC Applications
- Application 1: How to estimate price trend and periodical components
- Application 2:Monte Carlo simulation
- Application 3: How to estimate the Threshold Model for electricity prices
- Application 4: How to calibrate the Schwartz-Smith oil price model
3. RISK MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
Measuring Risk
- Risk classes: Market risk, Strategic risk, Credit risk, Operational risk
- Market Value-at-Risk
- Alternative operational approaches for computing Value-at-Risk: (parametric, Monte Carlo, historical simulation)
Managing Risk
- Volatility and correlation
- How to hedge a full requirement deal using futures
- RAROC and VaR Hedging
- Mean square error minimization
PC Applications
- Application 1: Factor identification via PCA and volatility estimation
- Application 2: Estimating cross-price correlation
- Application 3: How to estimate volatility using GARCH
- Application 4: Var measurement of energy portfolios